如果你读懂了 股市就是取款机
到今天为止我炒股一年半了，跟着大哥也快一年了，7W资金现在37W，翻了5倍多，大家别不信，主要是带我的大哥实在实在太厉害了，大哥你可以要注意身体哦，跟着大哥这么久感触很多，下面是他的一些经典语录，我稍微整理了一下，发给大家，希望对所有股民朋友能有所启发！
◆股票涨跌的浪是主力造的，没有主力就没有大的涨跌, 没有主力，再好的题材，再好的概念，再多的理由，一样是一潭死水。前进股市第一个思路，就是要知道无风不起浪，浪是庄家主力造的，没有当庄的主力就不容易有波动，你要想在股市获利，就要与庄家共舞与主力同进退。思路理清了吗？
◆ 底部让一点，头部让一点，中间多吃一点，操作就是这样。
◆做股票：一、工具要单纯；二、想法要单纯。
◆ 买进的方式有两种，逢低接，转强买，
◆股票到了高档，不知道要跑，到最后肯定是白忙一场，纸上富贵而已。会买是徒弟，会卖才是师父
◆上涨找支撑，下跌找压力，不要弄错这个趋势操作的大原则，操作功力肯定可以大幅提升。
◆ 怎样获利了结？当你满意的时候就可以走了。简单的方式是：当你买进的理由消失时，就是很好的出场时机。
◆涨的时候不要看太好，跌的时候不要看太坏
◆瞄准胜率大于70%的时机，有时候一个月出手一次也很够了。猎人不会看到飞鸟就举枪射击，他会把有限的子弹慢慢瞄准，然后，一枪命中。
◆ 多头的浪？空头的浪？ 与大势同步的庄就是好庄。
多头的浪：一高高过一高，低点不破前低。
空头的浪：一低低于一低，高点不过前高。
跌深会反弹，涨多会回档，这是股价的惯性，整理有时间整理和空间整理
◆ 带头的浪先行 跟随的浪后至。看盘要先看大盘，再看板块，最后才挑个股
◆知道如何等待，才是股市成功的秘诀，“未赢先想输”是我们祖先留下的高度智能， 看得懂的时候就进场，看不懂的时候就观望，观望也是一种策略
◆光会看如何是买点、如何是卖点还是不够的，心态的锻炼才是散户投资人最欠缺的，散户欠缺的是杀手的本质，心性不够残忍，该买时不敢买，该杀的时候又迟疑，该抱的时候也没有坚持。
◆股票不必天天买，功课却要天天做。
1.每天找出涨幅前３０名的股票，在Ｋ线图上看看，为什么它会涨？上涨前的征兆是什么？是哪些类股上涨家数最多？是电子？金融？还是医药？ 哪种价位上涨家数最多？高价？中价？还是低价？资金集中在哪些类股？电子？金融？还是塑料？从这些信息上，你可以发现，哪一类股可能将成为主流，哪一种技术型态会使股价大涨，然后在可能的主流群中，去找到你喜欢的股票。
2.每天抓出５档符合起涨浪头条件的股票，或者找５档下跌浪头的股票，做成记录，看看你的功力如何？三日内果真上涨则打“○”，否则打“×”，你将从中检视并精进你的选股能力。
◆看好后买进，买进后就休息，等待卖点，卖出后又休息，等待买点。
◆多头时做多，空头时做空，箱型整理时，可以少量高出低进，短线应对。
◆“不看盘的人赚最多”
◆k线的浪头是转折的起点，符合切入标准就勇敢进场，进场三天内，你可以知道庄家要不要造浪，有没有出现庄家都守不住的点，出现了，你就赶快跑，没出现就是续抱，如果一直都不动，也不必和他耗，反正随时有预备的股票可以替入。
◆其实，谈的最多的就是均线，也就是控盘线，操作上主要的依据也是控盘线，如果你想在市场上轻松操作，均线是你必须用心去挖掘钻研的一门功课，
◆简单的使用“市场动力哲学”规则，等待价格突破前一天的高点，在这种有利的情况之下才会下单，因为这是最省时间的下单选择方式，也是最可能买在发动点的方式。
◆开盘价突破昨日高点，可能暗示当天或以后数天交易的动向, 尤其以在利多或利空消息报导后为然。
◆记住，如果你的股票已出现，或早已出现了空头的浪头，要快刀斩乱麻，先走再说，留着青山在，永远有材烧。
◆真正在股票上赚得到大钱，大半是依技术面波段操作
◆浪头抓到了，也快速的脱离了成本区，接着就是线不转单不转的轻松控盘。
◆钱，是往上推的力量；股票，是往下压的力量。
◆红K线是用银子画出来的，黑K线是用股票打下来的
◆一般来说，可以介入的时机点有两种：一是卖力竭尽之时--低接，一是买力展现之时--追进。
◆起浪的源头是一根红k，红k的高点要比前一天高，低点要比前一天低，这是抢浪头的基本本领
◆量、价、指针、型态、类股强弱、盘中走势，都是我选股考虑的要件。
◆ 股话有云：涨三不追，已经涨了四天的盘，你想还有多少空间？有多少力道？有规划，但不预期，这是操盘原则。
◆要看多，过近期高给我看，浪翻多，我一定踏浪而行，绝不和庄家对做。你可以去预测将会翻多，但我却要看到他“真正”的翻多，第一浪没乘上也死不了人，因为有第一浪必然会再掀起千层浪，而且浪会愈来愈凶，愈来愈猛，那才能享受真正踏浪了的快感。
◆每一条均线为一匹马，如果往上跑的马多，马力自然大，跑起来快又稳。
◆大盘是会说话的，他会用各种方法告诉你他要干什么，这些语言包括K线、型态、均线、指针等等。
◆股市操作的三项法宝：心态、技术、资金控管
◆起跌之时，强势股不要买；末跌之时，弱势股不要卖。起涨之时，强势股抢着买；末涨之时，弱势股抢着卖。
◆吞噬(高开低收吞掉前一根阳线)，发生在型态高档是吞噬顶，为卖出讯号，但若是发生在型态低档，却是吞噬底，反而应注意买进时机。低档的空头吞噬(更妙的是还带破底)，是洗盘k线的一种，这种吞噬是最后吞噬底，代表着空头气力用尽，失望卖压全出，将来多方只要小小力量就可反攻大涨，k线战法将之归类为空头骗线的一种，也是买进讯号!
◆K线会在关键时刻，连续透露着反转讯息
◆ 破底量缩，易见底，破底量大，则底部深不可测。
◆均线的力道要比k线的力道来的大。k线适合抓转折，均线却能指出趋势，两者配合看就会较为清楚了。如何在转折和趋势之间取得调和，在转折之中不背离趋势，在趋势之中看到转折，是一种艺术化的功夫，也是我们努力的目标。
◆ 定心、定法、依法，自然操作无碍。定法，简单的说，你学了很多方式之后，想办法把它融合为一种简单，而且合于你操作周期的公式。包括，如何切入？如何抱着不动？停损点？获利点？定心，简单的说，就是只注意自己的股票有没有买卖点，然后，依法执行，不理其它。操盘手最重要的是盘中的应变能力，而不是行情的预测。
◆ 利用时间，花点精神学习一套操作方法，将是一生中受用无穷的技能。有一套符合自己的操作模式之后，你将会发现，原来你拥有一口会自动出泉的井，那将是人生一大乐事。
◆ 不见长红不回头，不见长黑不止跌。
呵呵，希望对大家有启发。
两个指标最重要每股净资产”与“每股未分配利润”，
一般地，股炒股，大多较为注重当年或当期的“每股收益”及“净资产收益率”，其实，这两个指标的偶然性和不确定性较大，“非主营”的水份较重，易包装，因此，这两个指标不适宜作为选股的依据，但可以参考。因为“每股收益”与“净资产收益率”只是两个“现在时”指标，它仅反映“当期”、“短时”业绩，并具有较强的短时欺骗性和暂时包装性，丝毫也不能反映企业的过去和将来。为此，笔者建议：股选股切莫单纯以“每股收益”或“净资产收益率”来衡量!
然而，往往容易被股忽视的两个指标——“每股净资产”与“每股未分配利润”，却是十分重要而关键的选股指标。
（一）“每股净资产”的妙用
每股净资产重点反映股东权益的含金量，它是公司历年经营成果的长期累积。所谓路遥知马力，无论你公司成立时间有多长，也不管你公司上市有多久，只要你的净资产是不断增加的，尤其是每股净资产是不断提升的，则表明公司正处在不断成长之中。相反，如果公司每股净资产不断下降，则公司前景就不妙。因此，每股净资产数值越高越好!
其实，每股净资产的增长有两种情形：一是公司经营取得巨大成功，导致每股净资产大幅上升;二是公司增发新股，也可以大幅提高每股净资产，这种靠“圈钱”提高每股净资产的行为，虽不如公司经营成功来得可靠，但它毕竟增大了公司的有效净资产。
同样，每股净资产的下降也有两种情形：一是公司经营亏损导致的每股净资产大幅下降;二是公司高比例送股会导致每股净资产大幅被稀释或摊薄。相比较之下，前者为非正常，后者为正常。
一般地，每股净资产高于2元，可视为正常水平或一般水平。每股净资产低于2元，则要区别不同情形、不同对待：一是特大型国企改制上市后每股净资产不足2元（但高于1元），这是正常的，如工行、中行、建行等特大型国有企业;二是由于经营不善、业绩下滑，导致每股净资产不足2元的，这是非正常现象。
由于新股上市时，每股法定面值为1元，因此，公司上市后每股净资产应该是高于1元的，否则，如果出现每股净资产低于1元的情况，则表明该公司的净资产已跌破法定面值，情势则是大为不妙的。目前，沪深A股市场大约有150家上市公司的每股净资产都是不足1元的，这些公司一定都是存在较严重的经营问题的。
尤其值得我们重点关注的是：当每股净资产为负值时，则称为“资不抵债”。也就是说，即便将公司所有资产全部卖光光，也不足以偿还公司所欠债务（主要包括银行贷款及供货商的货款）。这样的公司是典型的“败家子”，你成为它的股东就是一种不幸，你不仅没有一分钱的“股东权益”，而且还要为它背负一屁股债。中国A股市场目前大约有近50家这样的“败家子”公司，但这些超级垃圾却总有本事不退市!
（二）“每股未分配利润”的妙用
每股未分配利润，是指公司历年经营积累下来的未分配利润或亏损。它是公司未来可扩大再生产或是可分配的重要物质基础。与每股净资产一样，它也是一个存量指标。
其实，每股未分配利润应该是一个适度的值，并非越高越好。大家知道，未分配利润长期积累而不分配，肯定是会贬值的。如果说，一家上市公司的“每股未分配利润”很高，但却很少给股东进行现金分红，或是分红水平很低，则表明公司是标准的“铁公鸡”!
例如，假设一家上市公司的“每股未分配利润”高达5元以上，但它既不扩大再生产，又舍不得给股东分红，这样的公司一定是有问题的。
一般地，上市公司在当期分配后，如果仍能保持每股未分配利润在0.5元以上，大体应该算是比较正常的。
如果每股未分配利润为零，甚至是负数，则公司的日子肯定不好过，可列为高风险级别。
如果每股未分配利润低于-1元，则公司一定正在走向死亡!这样的公司就是所谓的“超级垃圾公司”!
由于每股未分配利润反映的是公司历年的盈余或亏损的总积累，因此，它尤其更能真实地反映公司的历年滚存的账面亏损。也许某家公司现在的每股年收益为3毛钱，但它的每股未分配利润却是-2元，则以现在的盈利水平计算，该公司至少需要7年左右的时间，才能将这一亏损“黑洞”填平，之后，才有可能给股东提供分红机会。这就是说，该公司在填补这一亏损黑洞的7年中，都是没有资格分红的。
目前，沪深A股市场至少有150家以上的公司，它们的每股未分配利润是低于-1元的!
最后结论：股选股除了上述两个指标最重要外，还需要了解公司当年的利润质量及相关历史记录，例如，主营利润与投资收益各占多大比重，公司主业是否突出，过去有过几年的亏损记录，最近两年是否连续亏损，公司过去分红习惯，以及公司过去有无作犯科、目前身上有无司未了，如此等等。
最后提示：股选股切莫相信什么“动态市盈率”，因为“动态市盈率”是一厢情愿的梦幻，是股评家的虚构，因此，它被人们嘲讽为“市梦率”。请股朋友们注意：在中国大陆券商提供的所有交易系统或行情系统中，他们所提供的“市盈率”数据全是所谓的“动态市盈率”，不足为据!
glossary
Here's a handy list of investment banking terminology for you to refer to as you browse through our site.
Accretion Reverse of dilution. Accretion is where a corporate action (share buyback or issue of shares in a smaller proportion than the increase in income following a merger or public tender offer, for example) leads to an increase in earnings per share.
ADR (American Depositary Receipt) Negotiable certifi cates representing one or several shares. Their face value is stated in dollars and interest is also payable in dollars. ADRs allow American investors to buy shares in foreign-based companies that are not quoted on an American Stock Exchange.
AMS Asset Management and Services.
Arbitrage Activity that consists of attempting to profit by price differences on the same or similar financial assets. For example, in the case of a takeover bid, where the predator offers a price that exceeds the price at which the target's shares are trading.
Attribution right Right to receive bonus shares issued in connection with a capital increase paid up by capitalising retained earnings. Attribution rights are quoted.
Avoir fiscal Dividend tax credit available to individual shareholders resident in France on the dividends distributed by French companies. The purpose of the tax credit is to avoid double taxation of distributed earnings, in the hands of the company and the shareholder. The avoir fi scal granted to individual shareholders resident in France is equal to one-half of the net dividend. It is deductible from personal income tax. If the avoir fi scal cannot be set off against taxable income, it is refunded by the French Treasury.
B2B or BtoB Business to Business: sales of products or services by one company to another.
B2C or BtoC Business to Consumer: sales of products or services by a company to a consumer.
B2E portal Intranet site for Group employees. The home page includes a browser, links to services and a wealth of information concerning the various functions within the Group, practical information for employees and career information.
Back office Department responsible for all administrative processing.
BNL bc BNL banca commerciale (formerly Banca Nazionale del Lavoro).
Bond/Debenture Debt security whereby the issuer undertakes to pay the lender a fixed capital sum at a specific future date, plus twice-yearly or annual interest payments. Interest payments — generally at fixed rates — may vary over the life of the bond. Debentures are unsecured bonds.
Capital Amount of cash or assets contributed by shareholders, plus any profits, retained earnings or premiums transferred to the capital account. The capital may be increased or reduced during the life of the company.
Capital increase A method of increasing a company's shareholders' equity. The capital may be increased by issuing new shares for cash or in exchange for assets, such as shares in another company. Alternatively, it may be increased by capitalising additional paid-in capital, retained earnings or profits and either raising the par value of existing shares or issuing new shares without consideration. Existing shareholders may have a pre-emptive right to subscribe for the new shares or this right may be cancelled. A capital increase may be carried out to give new investors an opportunity to become shareholders. All capital increases must be authorised in advance by the shareholders, in Extraordinary General Meeting.
Cash flow Cash generated by operations that can be used to fi nance investment without raising equity or debt capital.
CECEI Comité des Établissements de Crédit et des Entreprises d'Investissement: Committee headed by the Governor of the Banque de France responsible for monitoring the proper operation of the French fi nancial and banking system.
CIB Corporate and Investment Banking, one of the BNP Paribas Group's core businesses.
Comité Consultatif des Actionnaires Shareholder Consultation Committee. A group of individual shareholders selected to advise the company on its communications targeted at individual shareholders. The BNP Paribas Comité Consultatif des Actionnaires was set up in the fi rst half of 2000, at the time of the merger.
Consolidated net income Net income of the Group after deducting the portion of the profi ts of subsidiaries attributable
to minority shareholders.
Convertible bond Bond convertible into the issuer's shares on terms set at the time of issue. Corporate governance Series of principles and recommendations to be followed by the management of listed companies.
Coupon The coupon represents the right of he security for a given year.
Custody fee Fee received by a bank or broker to hold and service securities recorded in a securities account. Custody fees are payable annually in advance. They are not refunded if the securities are sold during the year, but no fees are payable on securities deposited during the year until the beginning of the next year.
CVR (Contingent Value Rights Certificate) Financial instrument generally issued in connection with the acquisition of a listed company, guaranteeing the value of the underlying security at a pre-determined date. The CVR entitles the shareholder of the target to receive an amount equal to the positive difference between the offer price and a «reference» price.
Derivatives Contracts whose value is based on the performance of an underlying financial asset, index or other investment, used to hedge or profit from future changes in the value of the underlying.
Dilution Impact on the rights attached to a share of the issue of securities (in connection with a capital increase, a merger, a stock-for-stock tender offer or the exercise of rights), assuming that there is no change in the total income of the issuer.
Dividend Portion of net profit that the Annual General Meeting decides to distribute to shareholders. The amount of the dividend is recommended by the Board of Directors. It represents the revenue on the share and the amount can vary from one year to the next depending on the company's results and policy.
EONIA Euro OverNight Index Average.
EUREX A derivatives market.
EURIBOR (European InterBank Offered Rate) The most commonly used money-market rate in the eurozone.
Euroclear Formerly Sicovam. Clearing house for securities transactions.
Euronext SA Company that operates the Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam Stock Exchanges. Euronext SA establishes market rules, decides to accept or reject listing applications and manages all trading technologies.
FCP (Fonds Commun de Placement) Fund invested in stocks, bonds and/or money-market securities. An FCP is similar to a SICAV, but is not a separate legal entity. FCPs are generally smaller than SICAVs and are easier to manage. They are subject to less restrictive regulations and can be more specialised.
FRB French Retail Banking.
Free cash flow Cash available after fi nancing operations and investments, available to pay down debt.
Free float The amount of capital which is not under the control of stable shareholders. In other words, capital that can be freely bought and sold and is therefore available to investors, excluding for example shares held by the State, or shares that are subject to shareholders' pacts and so on. On 1 December 2003, the stocks that make up the CAC 40 index became weighted according to their free floats, as opposed to their market capitalisations. This change was born out of a desire to be consistent with the major world market indexes which already function in this manner, and to ensure greater comparability between industries and shares. BNP Paribas has a free fl oat of 95% – one of the highest on the Paris stock market.
Gain/loss on securities Positive/negative difference between the sale price of a security and the purchase price.
Goodwill Difference between the cost of shares and the Group's equity in the fair value of the underlying net assets.
Hedge funds Funds that take both long and short positions, use leverage and derivatives and invest in many markets.
IAS International Accounting Standards
IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards.
IFU (Imprimé Fiscal Unique) French tax return issued by a bank or broker, listing all the securities transactions carried out on behalf of the taxpayer and all the coupon payments made to the tax payer.
Institutional investor Financial institution which, by definition or by virtue of its articles of association, is required to hold a certain proportion of its assets in stocks and shares. Examples include insurance companies and pension funds.
Investment club A variable- or split-capital company, which enables its members to jointly manage a portfolio of marketable securities formed from an initial investment and/or regular capital contributions. Clubs benefit from a favourable regime in respect of capital gains tax. The FNACI (National Federation of Investment Clubs), which is located at 39, rue Cambon, 75001 Paris, provides on request all the information required for the launching and smooth running of these clubs.
IRFS International Retail Banking and Financial Services. Abbreviation replaced by IRS in 2008.
IRS International Retail Services. Abbreviation that replaces IRFS.
ISIN code The new identifi cation number for securities listed on the stock market. The ISIN code replaces the well-known Sicovam code which had since become the Euroclear code. On 30 June 2004, Euronext Paris put an end to its existing system for identifying securities and replaced it with a system that uses ISIN codes. Having already been adopted by a number of European stock markets including Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Frankfurt, the new system gives a unique identity to each share and therefore facilitates cross-border transactions between investors, primarily by improving harmonisation within Euronext. The ISIN code comprises 12 characters: 2 letters to indicate the issuing country (e.g., FR for France and US for the United States) and 10 fi gures. BNP Paribas's ISIN code is FR0000131104.
LBO Leveraged Buy Out. Company acquisition financed primarily by debt. In practice, a holding company is set up to take on the debt used to finance the acquisition of the target. The interest payments due by the holding company are covered by ordinary or exceptional dividends received from the acquired target.
LIFFE London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange.
Liquidity Ratio between the volume of shares traded and the total number of shares in issue.
LME London Metal Exchange.
M & A Mergers & Acquisitions.
Market capitalisation Value attributed to a company by the stock market. Market capitalisation corresponds to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding.
Market-maker/ Market-making contracts Market-makers commit to maintaining fi rm bid and offer prices in a given security by standing ready to buy round lots at publicly-quoted prices. Market-making contracts generally concern mid-cap stocks and are intended to enhance the stocks' liquidity. In France, market-making contracts (contrats d'animation) are entered into between Euronext, the issuer and a securities dealer.
MONEP (Marché d'Options Négociables de Paris) Paris traded options market, including CAC 40 index options and equity options.
OAT (Obligation Assimilable du Trésor) French government bonds.
OCEANE (Obligation Convertible En Actions Nouvelles ou Existantes) Bond convertible for new shares or exchangeable for existing shares of the issuer.
OPA (Offre Publique d'Achat) French acronym for a public tender offer for cash.
OPE (Offre Publique d'Échange) French acronym for a public stock-for-stock tender offer.
OPF (Offre à Prix Fixe) French acronym for a public offering of securities at a set price.
OPR (Offre Publique de Retrait) French acronym for a compulsory buyout offer (fi nal stage in a squeeze-out).
OPRA (Offre Publique de Rachat d'Actions) French acronym for an offer to buy out the minority shareholders of a company that already largely controlled (first stage in a squeeze-out).
Option Contract giving the buyer the right (but not the obligation), to purchase or sell a security future date, at a price fi xed when the option is written (exercise price), in exchange for a premium paid when the option is purchased. Options to purchase a security are known as calls options to sell a security are known as puts.
OPV (Offre Publique de Vente) French acronym for a public offering of securities at a set price.
ORA (Obligation Remboursable en Actions) French acronym for equity notes, representing bonds redeemable for shares.
P/E Price/Earnings ratio. Ratio between the share price and earnings per share. The P/ serves to determine the multiple of earnings per share represented by the share price.
Par value The par value of a share is the portion of capital represented by the share.
PEA (Plan d'Épargne en Actions) French name for personal equity plans. Savings products designed to promote private share ownership, invested in shares of companies that have their headquarters European Union country or in units in qualifying unit trusts. Revenues and capital are exempt from personal income tax and capital gains tax provided that the savings left in the plan for at least five years. Investments in PEAs are capped at EUR 120,000 individual.
PEE (Plan d'Épargne Entreprise) French name for employee share ownership plans. Payments into the plan and reinvested interest are exempt from personal income tax provided that they are left in the plan least five years (with early withdrawal allowed in certain specific cases). Surrender are also exempt from personal income tax.
Pre-emptive subscription rights When a company issues shares for cash, each shareholder has a pre-emptive right subscribe for a number of new shares pro rata to the number of shares already held. right can be traded on the stock market. Companies can ask the General Meeting to cancel shareholders' pre-emptive subscription rights to facilitate certain operations or the company to open up its capital to new investors.
Preference shares Preference shares are shares that pay dividends at a specifi ed rate and have a preference over ordinary shares in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. They not carry voting rights.
Price guarantee When a company acquires control of a listed target, it is required to offer the target's minority shareholders the opportunity to sell their shares at the same price as that received by the sellers of the controlling interest. The offer must remain open for at least fi fteen trading days.
Primary market Market where newly-issued securities are bought and sold.
Prime brokerage Activity consisting of providing a wide range of services to hedge funds, including nancing, securities settlement/delivery, custody, securities lending/borrowing, etc.
Public tender offer Offer to buy shares of a company, usually at a premium above the shares' market price, for cash or securities or a combination of both. Where only a small proportion of the company's shares are traded on the market and the offer is followed by a compulsory buyout, the process is known as a «squeeze-out».
Quorum General Meetings can take place only if there is a quorum. For Ordinary General Meetings, on first call there is a quorum if the shareholders present and represented hold at least 1/4 of the voting rights. There is no quorum requirement on second call. For Extraordinary General Meetings, the quorum corresponds to 1/3 of the voting rights on first call and 1/4 on second call. For Combined Meetings, the quorum requirements depend on whether the resolutions are "ordinary" or "extraordinary".
Quotation The quotation determines the price of a security on the market at a given point in time. Prices are generally quoted on a continuous basis throughout the day (from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.), providing a real-time indication of the prices at which the security concerned is changing hands. Continuous quotation allows market players to closely track market trends. Quotations for securities with a low trading volume are made once a day.
Rating/rating agencies A rating represents an assessment of the default risk on debt securities. The rating awarded to an issuer has a direct impact on the issuer's borrowing costs. Changes in ratings also have a significant impact on the issuer's share price. The main rating agencies are Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch.
Report On the Euronext Paris market, transaction allowing an investor to carry forward a buy or sell position from one deferred settlement date to the next.
ROE Return on Equity. Ratio between consolidated net income and consolidated shareholders' equity.
Secondary market Market where securities are bought and sold subsequent to their issue.
Settlement Monthly date when transactions with deferred settlement (Service de Règlement Différé) are unwound (or extended). This date corresponds to the fi fth trading day before the last trading day in the month.
Share A share is a transferable security representing a portion of the capital of a limited company or a partnership limited by shares. Ownership of shares is evidenced by an entry in the issuer's share register (registered shares) or in a securities account kept in the holder's name by a bank, stockbroker or other accredited intermediary (bearer shares). Shares quoted on the stock exchange are also referred to as "equities".
SICAV (Société d'Investissement à Capital Variable) Variable capital investment company that manages a portfolio of securities on behalf of its shareholders. Shares may be purchased or redeemed at any time. The shares are not listed but their value (corresponding to the company's net asset value per share) varies each day based on changes in the value of the securities held in the portfolio.
SICOVAM (Société Interprofessionnelle pour la Compensation des Valeurs Mobilières) Now renamed Euroclear France. Organisation responsible for clearing securities trades, centralising all stock market transactions and facilitating the transfer of securities between member institutions.
SPVT (Spécialiste en Pension des Valeurs du Trésor) Primary dealer in French government bond repos.
SRD (Service de Règlement Différé)
French market where the main French and foreign equities are traded. Equities or bonds purchased with deferred settlement are purchased on credit. The buyer is required to settle the purchase price and the seller is required to deliver the securities on the next settlement date, unless one or other of the parties asks for the transaction to be carried over to the next settlement date (report).
Subscription right Right to participate in a share issue for cash.
TBB (Taux de Base Bancaire) Interest base rate.
TMO (Taux Mensuel de Rendement des Emprunts Obligataires) Interest rate corresponding to the monthly bond yield.
TPI (Titre au Porteur Identifiable) Procedure allowing issuers to obtain information about the identity of holders of bearer shares from Euroclear.
Trade Centre Specialised sales force set up by BNP Paribas to partner its corporate customers' international development. The Trade Centres offer importers and exporters a wide range of customised services based on the "one-stop-shopping" principle.
Treasury shares Shares held by the issuer. Treasury shares are stripped of voting and dividend rights and are not taken into account in the calculation of earnings per share.
TSDI (Titre Subordonné à Durée Indéterminée) French acronym for perpetual subordinated notes.
TSR Total Shareholder Return: corresponding to return on the capital invested by shareholders, including dividends and unrealised gains on the shares.
UCITS Undertaking for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities. Term covering unit trusts and variable capital investment companies.
Voting right Right of a shareholder to vote in person or by proxy at General Meetings.
Warrant Certificate issued on a stand-alone basis or strippable from another security (share, bond) giving the holder the right to acquire securities (share, bond). Warrants issued by financial institutions acting as market-maker give the holder the right to purchase (call warrant) or sell (put warrant) various underlyings (interest rate, index, currency, equities) at a fixed exercise price during a fi xed exercise period. Although these warrants constitute options, they cannot be sold short.
Work flow Process automation technology allowing the sequential transmission of digital documents and files to the various people responsible for processing the data.
Yield Indicator of the return on an investment, expressed in percent. For shares, the yield corresponds to the ratio between the last dividend paid and the last share price.